文摘
有机农业2018:疾病带来的风险评估的综合管理的小麦
作者(年代):安娜Wenda-Piesik风险评估在综合病虫害管理的背景下考虑作物序列、播种日期和杀菌剂的应用程序进行控制。这种方法也调查小麦的粮食产量与粮食生产地址疾病风险的背景下。实验因素是固定的:pre-crop小麦(甜菜、玉米、小麦)、播种日期:兼性在晚秋和春天,真菌的强化:未经处理的,一个在T2阶段治疗(BBCH 32 - 65) fluoxastrobin和prothioconazole,两种治疗方法在T1 (BBCH 30 -) prothioconazole spiroxamine和T2 (BBCH 41 - 65) fluoxastrobin和prothioconazole,三个治疗执行阶段T1 (BBCH 29-31) prothioconazole和spiroxamine T2 (BBCH 37-51) fluoxastrobin和prothioconazole和T3 (65 - 69) BBCH prothioconazole和tebuconazole。总共12个小麦疾病诊断,脚四个单位,根腐病和八个与叶和头部。作物序列被发现的主要因素的脚和根腐病疾病带来的风险,而缺乏真菌的控制主要是叶和头部病原体所带来的风险的影响。从控制作物最高产量的增加是由兼性小麦后甜菜(49 - 66 %)和小麦(36-47 %)。基于两个成本效益指标E和Q已经计算了杀菌剂治疗48作物。我们研究了镰头枯萎病发病率(FHB)和六个真菌毒素的浓度(deoxynivalenol、nivalenol 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 2毒素,青灵毒素,和玉米烯酮)小麦从2010年到2013年。试验站进行了田间试验的品种在ChrzA测试吗? ?stowo、波兰(53 o11'n, 17 o35'e)。占主导地位的镰刀菌素f . culmorum物种观察小麦头上,f . avenaceum(赤霉菌属avenacea)和f . graminearum(赤霉菌属菌),分别为21.1%,17.2%,和7.1%。 In wheat planted after wheat or corn, the FHBi was higher compared with a pre-crop of sugar beet. A double application of fungicides at BBCH 30–32 with prothioconazole and spiroxamine and at a BBCH 65 with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole effectively reduced the FHBi and mycotoxin concentrations, respectively, in grain. Total mycotoxin levels in wheat were correlated with five determinants: duration of the period between the end of flowering and the beginning of kernel abscission, FHBi, F. culmorum isolation, G. zeae isolation and Fusarium ratio (FR) as a % of total mold isolations. Although, the mean concentration of mycotoxins in grain did not exceed the maximum permissible values for unprocessed wheat our study suggests necessity to monitor and mitigate FHB risk for susceptible cultivars when wheat spring sowing follows corn or wheat.
