2018年有机农业:在印度查谟和克什米尔山区引入独特的黑鸡肉品种(Kadaknath)

Kadaknath是印度唯一的黑肉鸡(BMC)品种。它是中央邦的本地鸟类，主要由Bhil和Bhilala的部落社区饲养。Kadaknath并不是世界上唯一的黑鸡品种。中国有Silkie chicken，印尼有Avam Cemani。但由于与RIR和其他品种的杂交繁殖，纯卡达克纳特鸟非常罕见。保护和繁殖这种独特的印度本土品种是非常重要的。由于政府在各种农村发展项目下大规模引进外来品种，本地品种的纯度已成为问题。保护和改进畜禽遗传资源的必要性已成为全球共识。考虑到其独特的药用和营养价值，Krishi vigyan Kendra尝试将这个品种引入查谟的丘陵地区。女性农民要么呆在家里，要么陪着男性到田里劳动。 There is no income coming directly to the hands of the women farmers which has resulted in their less contribution to household income and socioeconomic development. Studies have shown that backyard poultry farming results in women empowerment and socioeconomic upliftment. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Reasi made an attempt to improve socioeconomic status of these women farmers with following objectives in mind. • To conserve and promote popularize this unique highly nutritious, medicinal breed for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir. • To encourage these farmers especially women to contribute to family income. • To provide these women with small but steady source of income round the year. • To improve nutrition requirement of their family and malnutrition. A survey was conducted in Reasi district of Jammu (J&K) and women farmers were identified which mainly were landless small marginal farmers and mostly below poverty line. Data were collected from rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through pre structured interviews schedule. Factor analysis was performed to identify the empowerment factors. The results show that backyard poultry rearing practices empower rural women. Near about 2000 No. of birds were distributed with 15 birds per household. Farmers were given training for rearing these birds and were advised to make small wooden cages to prevent predation. Medicinal properties of Kadaknath: • Kadaknath has special medicinal value in homeopathy and a particular nervous disorder. The tribal uses kadaknath blood in the treatment of chronic disease in human beings and its meat as aphrodisiac (Believed/Myth to infuse vigor). • Kadaknath chicken has a peculiar effectiveness in treating women’s discuss, sterility, Menoxenic (abnormal menstruation), habitual abortion. • Kadaknath meat has high levels of vitamins B1,B2,B6, B12, C and E, niacin, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, nicotinic acid etc. High levels of 18 essential amino acids as well as hormones that are required by the human body. • The Central Food and Research Institute, Mysore, studied its medicinal qualities and found it suitable for cardiac patients as it increases blood supply to the heart. • This breed has evolved through natural selection in indigenous agro-ecological conditions and is well adapted to the local environment. The Kadaknath bird’s reveals appreciable degree of resistance to diseases compared with other exotic breeds in its natural habitat in free range. Kadaknath birds are also resistant to extreme climatic conditions like summer heat and cold winter stress and can thrive very well under adverse environments like poor housing, poor management and poor feeding. Result and Conclusion: These birds are being reared in open scavenging system in day time and kept in wodden or iron cages in night only. They are mostly being fed on kitchen waste, broken rice and crop and field residues. Households engaged in BYP obtain a small but steady flow of income by selling of eggs almost daily, at the rate of Rs. 10 to 12per egg.. Farmers also sell live birds at a price ranging between Rs. 800-1000 Rs/kg live weight. Although high variation among households was observed. A positive association between economic condition, availability of grains, literacy of family and income generated from birds was observed. Women farmers were advised to hatch few eggs for chick production so that the breed can be propagated. As a result of this these farm women were selling the new born chicks to nearby villages @ 60-80 Rs/chick. Around 70% of the farm women produced the next generation chicks from the parent birds given.

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