文摘

自然产品:Nanodelivery系统发展挑战和未来的前景

作者(年代):黛博拉Quintanilha Falc�o

香料自古以来一直用于大量的目的,如医药、香水、防腐剂和带来香气和风味食品。自古以来,人类已经广泛使用的植物性天然产物药物对抗各种疾病。现代药物主要是来源于草药传统知识和实践的基础上。近,25%的大型制药化合物及其衍生物可用的今天获得的自然资源。天然化合物与不同的分子背景依据小说药物的发现。最近的趋势在自然产品为基础的药物发现的兴趣设计综合的铅分子,模仿其对应的化学。天然产物表现出显著的特征如非凡的化学多样性、化学和生物性质与大分子特异性,减少毒性。这些使他们有利的线索发现新型药物。此外,计算研究了设想分子相互作用的药物和开发新一代药物靶向性药物发现和药物输送等发明。尽管有几个优点,制药公司正在犹豫是否要投资更多在自然产品为基础的药物发现和药物输送系统,而是探索可用的化合物库发现新型药物。 However, natural compounds are now being screened for treating several major diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and microbial diseases. This is mainly because natural drugs possess unique advantages, such as lower toxicity and side effects, low-price, and good therapeutic potential. However, concerns associated with the biocompatibility, and toxicity of natural compounds presents a greater challenge of using them as medicine. Consequently, many natural compounds are not clearing the clinical trial phases because of these problems. The use of large sized materials in drug delivery poses major challenges, including in vivo instability, poor bioavailability, and poor solubility, poor absorption in the body, issues with target-specific delivery, and tonic effectiveness, and probable adverse effects of drugs. Therefore, using new drug delivery systems for targeting drugs to specific body parts could be an option that might solve these critical issues. Hence, nanotechnology plays a significant role in advanced medicine/drug formulations, targeting arena and their controlled drug release and delivery with immense success. They still play an important role in the traditional medicine as part of pharmaceutical preparations and several monographs are reported in the official pharmacopoeias. Extracts obtained from medicinal plants are generally complex mixtures of organic substances produced as plants secondary metabolites. Increased cases of opportunistic diseases emanating from side effects associated with synthetic drugs continue to necessitate incremental efforts in searching for effective biological substitutes with little or no side effects. Therefore, many studies have been performed with medicinal plants in order to overcome this problem, intending the discovery of new molecules of therapeutic interest. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology tends to make this more feasible due to the ideal small size of the particles, releasing the substance in the correct location and time. The choice of wall material and production method is therefore of paramount importance and combined with the ability to modify drug release, makes such nanosystems ideal candidates for therapeutical purposes presenting a wide range of applications. The nanotechnology combined to the natural products chemistry can bring an important contribution to the development of new delivery systems, promising candidates as new products with important perspective on health improvement. The aim of this work is to offer an overview on nanoencapsulation of natural products covering development challenges and future perspectives.