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改善栽培稻L。生产用花药培养和分子标记……

作者(年代):里达H Sammour Abd El-Salam E Draz和Randa Mohammad Nofal

水稻是一年生植物,属于属之后,家庭禾本科。在热带地区,水稻可以长期生存。它代表了主食的一半worldAA‚人口,尤其是欠发达国家的穷人。基本的大米是染色体数目n = 12。野生稻是分布在潮湿的热带地区。有超过20种属选用,但只有两种,栽培稻(起源于南亚和东南亚的热带潮湿),选用glaberrima(起源于非洲的尼日尔河流域)培养。农民支持传统品种早期成熟为了节省土地用于其他作物生长和节约用水,scince大米比其他粮食作物需要更多的灌溉用水。在穗粒重和质量的差异是variety-dependent,也随穗类型。芳香的米粒煮时(巴斯马蒂大米)发出的特殊香气。巴斯马蒂大米是主要生长在传统的北部和西北部部分地区许多世纪的印度次大陆。 It is the oldest common progenitor for most types. Basmati rice is photosensitive, requires relatively cooler temperatures to produce better aroma. Aroma is a complex mixture of volatile compounds, approximately 114 compounds and most of these aromatic compounds found in outer layers of grains. There is a controversy about the number of genes controlled aroma. Rice varieties improvement are represented in increasing the yield potential including modification of plant type, exploitation of heterosis, increasing yield stability, and increasing the yield potential under unfavorable environments. The importance of biotechnology in rice improvement is highlighted and some of the techniques used, such as somaclonal variation, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, anther culture, molecular markers in rice breeding and introduction of novel genes into rice, are outlined.