摘要

白蒜种质资源的遗传多样性

作者(年代):里达H.Sammour

草豌豆(Lathyrus sativus L.)是一种食用、饲料和饲料作物。草豌豆总种植面积估计为150万公顷，年产量120万吨。沙蒜对干旱、内涝和贫瘠半干旱土壤具有广泛的耐受性;抗虫防虫。这种作物起源于巴尔干半岛。它倾向于自花授粉。然而，有迹象表明，在该物种中发生了一些外杂交(从9.8到27.8%)。L. sativus的种子提供了蛋白质和碳水化合物的来源，能够在饥荒期间维持生命，当没有其他食物时。然而，在植物的不同部位存在的神经毒性ODAP限制了这种作物的使用。研究遗传多样性及其与地理多样性的关系，有助于了解栽培作物的多样性中心和驯化起源。 The genetic variation can be exploited in breeding programmes aimed at crop improvement. Vast arrays of analyses are used worldwide to estimate genetic variability. L. sativus shows great morphological variation, especially in vegetative characters such as leaf length, while floral characters are much less variable. L. sativus ecotypes are classified on the basis of flower color, marking on pods, and size and color of seeds, which in many cases is connected with their geographical distribution. These characteristics, as well as yield and also nutritional traits of seeds have been estimated to describe the great variability of accessions of both, L. sativus and L. cicera. Cytological investigations have shown that the basic chromosome number of x = 7 is constant throughout the genus and that most of the species are diploid, with polyploidy as rare exceptions. Despite this stability in chromosome number, large variations in chromosome size have played an important role in the evolution of Lathyrus species. SDS-PAGE analysis of reduced seed globulins of lathyrus species showed intra-specific variation due to individual variation and/or differences among accessions. It has been repotted that SDS-PAGE of albumins and globulins of different grass pea even of the same geographic origin, have variation in number, width and intensity of bands, concluding that geographical origin does not influence specific seed protein contents and its polymorphism. In grass pea, the literature on both genetic diversity and intra and inter-specific-relationships among collections based on the electrophoretic analysis of isoenzyme is quite poor. Molecular markers including AFLPs, RFLP, RAPD, ISSR and EST-SSRs have proved to be useful for assessing genetic relationships, taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within and between the sections and the species of the genus Lathyrus.