摘要

2018年欧洲生物技术:使用定制的微生物群落将乳业废水转化为生物肥料

作者(年代):Shaon Ray Chaudhuri

问题陈述:乳业每生产一立方米加工牛奶会产生3立方米的废水，这些废水主要来自使用淡水的清洗过程。废水含有丰富的营养物质，如果处理不当，会造成环境问题。常规治疗繁琐、耗能大、成本低。采用这种技术对大型设施来说是一种负担，对小型设施来说是一种破坏。因此，人们寻求使污水处理过程环保和经济可行的技术。方法和理论方向:为将乳业废水中的含氮废物转化为氨，开发了一个量身定制的联合体。该过程使用生物膜生物反应器进行，以确保一次性细菌充能和持续性能。该工艺被扩大到工业规模(超过5000升)。处理后的废水按标准程序用于经济作物的田间试验和盆栽试验。发现: Tailor-made microbial consortium produced ammonia from dairy effluent at a rate of 1.66x10-4 mol s-1 within 1 hour of incubation in a biofilm bioreactor at 37oC with highest production at 16th hours of incubation (56.81mg/100ml) demonstrating 95.7% ammonia production with 72.3% nitrate and a concomitant 33.2% phosphate reduction from an initial load of 32-270ppm nitrate and 15-40ppm phosphate respectively with 82.55% BOD reduction in 16th hour, as compared with 66.6% in 48 hours through constructed wetlands. The treated effluent increased biomass in case of mung bean (Mb) and Sorghum Sudan grass; decreased root nodulation while enhanced seed yield with improved protein and carbohydrate content in Mb while providing protection from aphid infestation. This treated effluent significantly enhance the basal diameter and fiber yield in case of Ramie, a plant of immense economic value. It could also enhance production in the case of potato, hence functioning as a biofertilizer. This approach enables the conversion of effluent into a by-product of immense economic value hence making the process of dairy effluent treatment self-sustainable. The process was scalable from 1liter to more than 5000 liters for treating actual dairy effluent with associated field trial.